This SAE Standard defines the limits for a classification of engine lubricating oils in rheological terms only. Other oil characteristics are not considered or included

Fuels and Lubricants TC 1 Engine Lubrication

Combined Cornering and Braking Test for Truck and Bus Tires

J2675_202405 (Current)

05/09/2024

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for determination of heavy truck (Class VI, VII, and VIII) tire force and moment properties under combined cornering and braking conditions. The properties are acquired as functions of slip angle, normal force, and slip ratio. Slip angle and normal force are changed incrementally using a sequence specified in this document. At each normal force and slip angle increment, the slip ratio is continually changed by application of a braking torque ramp. The data are suitable for use in vehicle dynamics modeling, comparative evaluations for research and development purposes, and manufacturing quality control. This document is intended to be a general guideline for testing on an ideal machine. Users of this recommended practice may modify the recommended protocols to satisfy the needs of specific use-cases, e.g., reducing the recommended number of test loads and/or pressures for benchmarking purposes. However, due care is necessary when

Truck and Bus Tire Committee

Nuts, Self-Locking, UNS N07001 730 °C, 1100 MPa, and 1210 MPa Procurement Specification for, Metric

MA1943C (Current)

05/09/2024

This procurement specification covers aircraft quality self-locking nuts for wrenching (hex, spline) and anchor (plate, gang channel, shank) types of nuts made from a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel-base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS N07001. Tension height nuts having overall length of threaded portion not less than 1.2 times the nominal thread diameter have 1210 MPa minimum tensile strength at room temperature. Shear height nuts having shorter threaded portion have 1100 MPa minimum tensile strength at room temperature. Maximum test temperature of parts is 730 °C

E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems

Machine Requalification Considerations for Fusion-Based Metal Additive Manufacturing

ARP7064 (Current)

05/09/2024

This document defines a recommended practice for addressing metal additive manufacturing (AM) machine requalification for all fusion-based metal AM machines. In general, this applies to powder bed fusion (PBF) and wire- or powder-fed directed energy deposition (DED) technologies. Plasma, electron beam, or lasers are applicable energy source(s

AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals

ARP5879A (Current)

05/09/2024

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommended test requirements for electrohydrostatic actuators (EHAs

A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee

J3350_202405 (Current)

05/09/2024

This SAE Standard describes the methods for testing flexible harness coverings for use on ground vehicle electrical distribution systems, specifically protection from severe mechanical impact. This SAE Standard shall apply to all tapes, extruded tubes, and textile sleeves used for this purpose

Harness Covering Standards Committee

Nuts, Self-Locking, Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant High Strength, All Metal 1200 °F Use, UN Thread Form

AS7250E (Current)

05/09/2024

This document covers all metal, self-locking wrenching nuts, plate nuts, shank nuts, and gang channel nuts made from a corrosion and heat resistant steel of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S66286 and of 160 ksi tensile strength at room temperature, with maximum test temperature of parts at 1200 °F

E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems

Aircraft Tire-to-Wheel Performance Characteristics

ARP5507A (Current)

05/09/2024

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines the performance criteria and validation for tire circumferential movement on the rim, in the laboratory, by a static test, as well as a performance assessment in service. This document is applicable to braked wheel positions using both bias ply and radial aircraft tires

A-5C Aircraft Tires Committee

Dendrite Arm Spacing of Structural Aircraft Quality D357 Aluminum Alloy Castings, Determination and Acceptance

ARP1947D (Current)

05/09/2024

This document covers the recommended practice for determining the acceptability of the dendrite arm spacing (DAS) of D357-T6 aluminum alloy castings required to have tensile strength not lower than 50 ksi (345 MPa

AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee

Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant Seamless Tubing, 72Ni - 15.5Cr - 0.95Cb (Nb) - 2.5Ti - 0.70Al - 7.0Fe (X750), Solution Heat Treated, Precipitation Hardenable

AMS5582H (Current)

05/09/2024

This specification covers a precipitation hardenable, corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of seamless tubing 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) and over in nominal OD and 0.015 inch (0.38 mm) and over in nominal wall thickness

AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee

Aerospace & Defense Technology: May 2024

24AERP0505/09/2024

Explaining MOSA from the Team that Led the Army Aviation Mission Computing Environment Task Order What's the Best DC Motor for Your Commercial Aerospace Application? Aerospace Production: Overcoming Challenges in Composite Machining Understanding the Limits of Artificial Intelligence for Predictive Maintenance Pushing the Limits: Engineering Advanced RF Interconnects to Meet the Challenges of Hypersonic Missile Development Expanding Possibilities for Superconducting Qubits With Niobium Researchers Help Robots Navigate Efficiently in Uncertain Environments A new algorithm reduces travel time by identifying shortcuts a robot could take on the way to its destination. New, Portable Antenna Could Help Restore Communication After Disasters Researchers from Stanford and the American University of Beirut have developed a lightweight, portable antenna that can communicate with satellites and devices on the ground, making it easier to coordinate rescue and relief efforts in disaster-prone areas

Multi-Output Physically Analyzed Neural Network for the Prediction of Tire–Road Interaction Forces

10-08-02-0016

05/08/2024

This article introduces an innovative method for predicting tire–road interaction forces by exclusively utilizing longitudinal and lateral acceleration measurements. Given that sensors directly measuring these forces are either expensive or challenging to implement in a vehicle, this approach fills a crucial gap by leveraging readily available sensor data. Through the application of a multi-output neural network architecture, the study focuses on simultaneously predicting the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical interaction forces exerted by the rear wheels, specifically those involved in traction. Experimental validation demonstrates the efficacy of the methodology in accurately forecasting tire–road interaction forces. Additionally, a thorough analysis of the input–output relationships elucidates the intricate dynamics characterizing tire–road interactions. This research underscores the potential of neural network models to enhance predictive capabilities in vehicle dynamics, offering

Marotta, Raffaele, Strano, Salvatore, Terzo, Mario, Tordela, Ciro

Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer Post Quenching of Medium Carbon Steel

05-17-03-0019

05/08/2024

Transient temperature analysis is involved in the thermal simulation of the heat treatment process, in which the hot metal temperature changes with respect to time from an initial state to the final state. The critical part of the simulation is to determine the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between the hot part and the quenching medium or quenchant. In liquid quenching, the heat transfer between the hot metal part and water becomes complicated and it is difficult to determine HTC. In the current experimentation a medium carbon steel EN 9 rod with a diameter of 50 mm and length 100 mm was quenched in water and ethylene glycol mixture with different concentrations. A part model was created; meshed and actual boundary conditions were applied to conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. In order to validate CFD analysis the experimental trials were conducted. Experimental results showed a reduced cooling rate for the specimen, and also a reduction in heat-carrying capacity of

Mutalikdesai, Sachin, Shinde, Tarang, Nanwatkar, Ravikant

Technical Study for the Development of Air Brake Compressor in Electric Commercial Vehicles

02-17-02-0013

05/07/2024

The development of electric commercial vehicles brought up novel challenges in the design of efficient and reliable air brake systems. The compressor is one of the critical components of the air brake system and is responsible for supplying pressurized air to the brake system. In this study, we aimed to gather essential information regarding the pressure and flow rate requirements for the compressor in the air brake system of electric commercial vehicles. We extensively analyzed the existing air brake systems utilized in conventional commercial vehicles. We examined the performance characteristics of reciprocating compressors traditionally employed in these systems. Recognizing the need for novel compressor designs tailored to electric commercial vehicles, we focused on identifying the specifics such as efficiency, performance characteristics, reliability, and cost of the compressor. Our study utilized theoretical calculations to ascertain the optimal pressure and flow rate parameters

Dhere, Siddhant, Gupta, Suryakant, Kumar, G. C. Mohan, Reddy, Vamsikrishna

Exploration of the Heterogeneity among Elderly Drivers by Analyzing Traffic Crash Data: A Case Study in Pennsylvania, USA

09-12-03-0008

05/07/2024

With population aging and life expectancy increasing, elderly drivers have been increasing quickly in the United States and the heterogeneity among them with age is also increasingly non-ignorable. Based on traffic crash data of Pennsylvania from 2011 to 2019, this study was designed to identify this heterogeneity by quantifying the relationship between age and crash characteristics using linear regression. It is found that for elderly driver-involved crashes, the proportion leading to casualties significantly increases with age. Meanwhile, the proportions at night, on rainy days, on snowy days, and involving driving under the influence (DUI) decrease linearly with age, implying that elderly drivers tend to avoid traveling in risky scenarios. Regarding collision types, elderly driver-involved crashes are mainly composed of angle, rear-end, and hit-fixed-object collisions, proportions of which increase linearly, decrease linearly, and keep consistent with age, respectively. The increase

Zhang, Zihao, Liu, Chenhui

Pitfalls of Designing, Developing, and Maintaining Modular Avionics Systems in the Name of Sustainability

EPR2024010

05/07/2024

Sustainability is both an ethical responsibility and business concern for the aerospace industry. Military and commercial avionics developers have pushed toward a common standard for interfaces, computing platforms, and software in hopes of having “reusability” and reducing weight with backplane computing architectures which, in theory, would support commonality across aircraft systems. The integrated modular avionics (IMA) and military Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE) standards are two such examples. They emerged to support common computing architectures for reuse and sustainability concepts, from the beginning of aircraft development to the sundown or mortality phase. Pitfalls of Designing, Developing, and Maintaining Modular Avionics Systems in the Name of Sustainability looks at technological, organizational, and cultural challenges making reuse and IMA platform models difficult to fully realize their sustainability goals. Additionally, it considers the certification

Reeve, Tammy

Facial Recognition Software and Privacy Law in Transportation Technology

EPR202401105/07/2024

Data privacy questions are particularly timely in the automotive industry as—now more than ever before—vehicles are collecting and sharing data at great speeds and quantities. Though connectivity and vehicle-to-vehicle technologies are perhaps the most obvious, smart city infrastructure, maintenance, and infotainment systems are also relevant in the data privacy law discourse. Facial Recognition Software and Privacy Law in Transportation Technology considers the current legal landscape of privacy law and the unanswered questions that have surfaced in recent years. A survey of the limited recent federal case law and statutory law, as well as examples of comprehensive state data privacy laws, is included. Perhaps most importantly, this report simplifies the balancing act that manufacturers and consumers are performing by complying with data privacy laws, sharing enough data to maximize safety and convenience, and protecting personal information. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM

Eastman, Brittany

Simulation and Evaluation of Battery Aging in Electric Hybrid Storage Systems

2024-01-2903

05/06/2024

The extension of traction batteries from electric vehicles with supercapacitors is regularly discussed as a possibility to increase the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries as well as the performance of the vehicle drive. The objective of this work was to validate these assumptions by developing a simulation model. In addition, an economic analysis is performed to qualitatively classify the simulation results. Initially, a hybrid energy storage system consisting of battery and supercapacitor was developed. A semi-active hybrid energy storage topology was selected. Subsequently, the selection of use cases as well as the application-specific definition of load cycles took place. In addition, the control strategy was further developed so that a simulation on lifetime was made possible. The end-of-life of the battery cells was defined, according to the USABC guideline values. Based on the data of the respective use case, the control strategy parameter optimization was carried out according to

Mödl, Roman, Braun, Andreas, Kallis, Lena

Numerical Approach for the Characterization of the Venting Process of Cylindrical Cells under Thermal Runaway Conditions

2024-01-2900

05/06/2024

Increasing awareness of the harmful effects on the environment of traditional Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) drives the industry toward cleaner powertrain technologies such as battery-driven Electric Vehicles (EV). Nonetheless, the high energy density of Li-Ion batteries can cause strong exothermic reactions under certain conditions that can lead to catastrophic results, called Thermal Runaway (TR). Hence, a strong effort is being made to understand this phenomenon and increase battery safety. Specifically, the vented gases and their ignition can cause the propagation of this phenomenon to adjacent batteries in a pack. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to predict this venting process in an LG18650 cylindrical battery. The shape of the venting cap deformation obtained from experimental results was introduced in the computational model. The ejection of the generated gases was considered to analyze its dispersion in the surrounding volume through a Reynolds

Gil, Antonio, Micó, Carlos, Marco-Gimeno, Javier, Castro Espín, Mar

Effects of Hard-to-Measure Material Parameters on Clinching Joint Geometries Using Combined Finite Element Method and Machine Learning

05-17-03-0018

05/06/2024

In this article, we investigated the effects of material parameters on the clinching joint geometry using finite element model (FEM) simulation and machine learning-based metamodels. The FEM described in this study was first developed to reproduce the shape of clinching joints between two AA5052 aluminum alloy sheets. Neural network metamodels were then used to investigate the relation between material parameters and joint geometry as predicted by FEM. By interpreting the data-driven metamodels using explainable machine learning techniques, the effects of the hard-to-measure material parameters during the clinching are studied. It is demonstrated that the friction between the two metal sheets and the flow stress of the material at high (up to 100%) plastic strain are the most influential factors on the interlock and the neck thickness of the clinching joints. However, their dependence on the material parameters is found to be opposite. First, while the friction between the two metal

Nguyen, Duc Vinh, Tran, Van-Xuan, Lin, Pai-Chen, Nguyen, Minh Chien, Wu, Yan-Jiu

Statistical Analysis on Wear Behavior of Aluminum Alloy2024–Silicon Carbide–Fly Ash Metal Matrix Composites

2024-01-5058

05/06/2024

Aluminum and its alloys entered a main role in the engineering sectors because of their applicable characteristics for indispensable applications. To enhance requisite belongings for the components, the composition of variant metal/nonmetal with light metal alloys is essential in the manufacturing industries. To enhance the wear resistance with significant strength property of the aluminum alloy 2024, the reinforcement SiC and fly ash (FA) were added with the designation Al2024 + 10% SiC; Al2024 + 5% SiC + 5% FA; and Al2024 + 10% FA via stir-casting technique. The wear resistance property of the composites was tested in pin-on-disc with a dry-sliding wear test procedure. The experiment trials were designed in Box–Behnken design (BBD) by differing the wear test parameters like % of reinforcement, sliding distance (m), and load (N). The wear tests on casted samples were carried out at the constant velocity of 2 m/sec, such that the corresponding wear rate for the experiment trials was

Sivakumar, N., Sireesha, S. C., Raja, S., Ravichandran, P., Sivanesh, A. R., Aravind Kumar, R.

A Comparative Analysis of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Different Modular Lithium-Ion Battery Configuration

2024-01-2901

05/06/2024

Thermal runaway is a critical safety concern in lithium-ion battery systems, emphasising the necessity to comprehend its behaviour in various modular setups. This research compares thermal runaway propagation in different modular configurations of lithium-ion batteries by analysing parameters such as cell spacing and applying phase change materials (PCMs) and Silica Aerogel. The study at the module level includes experimental validation and employs a comprehensive model considering heat transfer due to thermal runaway phenomena. It aims to identify the most effective modular configuration for mitigating thermal runaway risks and enhancing battery safety. The findings provide valuable insights into the design and operation of modular lithium-ion battery systems, guiding engineers and researchers in implementing best practices to improve safety and performance across various applications

Garcia, Antonio, Monsalve-Serrano, Javier, Dreif, Amin, Guaraco-Figueira, Carlos

Model-Based Knowledge Management in HV Battery Development

2024-01-2902

05/06/2024

In the dynamic landscape of battery development, the quest for improved energy storage and efficiency has become paramount. The contemporary energy transition, coupled with growing demands for electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, and portable electronic devices, has underscored the critical role that batteries play in our modern world. To navigate this challenging terrain and harness the full potential of battery technology, a well-defined and comprehensive data strategy resp. knowledge management strategy are indispensable. Conversely, the imminent and rapid progression of artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to have a substantial impact on the forthcoming landscape of work and the methodologies organizations employ for the management of their knowledge management (KM) procedures. Conventional KM endeavors encompass a spectrum of activities such as the creation, transmission, retention, and evaluation of an enterprise’s knowledge over the entire knowledge lifecycle. However

Badi, Ibtihal, Braun, Andreas, Kallis, Lena

Automated Vehicles: Development, Testing, and Validation: Vol. 1

EPRCOMPV072023

05/03/2024

Razdan, Rahul, Khalighi, Yaser, Khalkhali, Mohsen, Alonso da Silva, Fabio

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